What makes Potsdam special
Potsdam grew up around the Prussian royal court, a stretch of the river Havel and a scatter of lakes southwest of Berlin, and its centre reads like a running list of the crafts a king wanted imported: Dutch bricklayers, Russian choir singers, English-trained gardeners. Sanssouci Palace and its park form the anchor everything else in the city orbits.
A city built around a court
Friedrich Wilhelm I and Frederick the Great shaped most of what stands today, from the barracks and drill grounds of the old garrison town to the rococo retreat Frederick built at Sanssouci to escape court life in Berlin. Later Prussian kings kept adding palaces to the ensemble, which is why the grounds span more than a century of changing taste.
Districts built for imported craftsmen
The Dutch Quarter and the Alexandrowka colony are the clearest examples: one built from 1734 for Dutch bricklayers, the other from 1826 for the last twelve singers of a Russian military choir. Both are still lived in rather than preserved behind glass, and both are free to walk through at any time.
When to go and how long to stay
The SPSG palaces keep longer opening hours from April to October than they do over the winter months, and Sanssouci Palace's capped daily ticket allowance makes an early start worth planning for in high season. A single day covers the old town and Sanssouci Park at a steady pace; a second allows time for the New Garden or Park Babelsberg.
Getting around, and combining with Berlin
Potsdam's old town and the approach to Sanssouci Park are flat and walkable, with trams and buses covering the longer stretches out to Babelsberg. Regional trains and the S7 city train run directly into central Berlin, with the S7 departing at 10-minute intervals through the day, close enough that many visitors treat Potsdam as an unhurried day trip from the German capital. The palaces and parks of Potsdam and Berlin have formed a single UNESCO World Heritage site since 1990, spread over some 500 hectares of grounds, and both cities anchor what to see in Germany.